Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Birth
Of Europe: Ice Age To 20th Century DVD, Video Download, USB
Today, February 21, 2026
February 21, 1804: The Pen-Y-Darren
Locomotive: The first self-propelling railway steam locomotive
makes its outing at the PenyDarren Ironworks in Wales. It
successfully hauled wagons but was so heavy that it broke many
rails. The engine was then used for other purposes as a stationary
engine. In 1802, Richard Trevithick built one of his high-pressure
steam engines to drive a hammer at the Pen-Y-Darren Ironworks in
Merthyr Tydfil, Mid Glamorgan . With the assistance of Rees Jones,
an employee of the iron works and under the supervision of Samuel
Homfray, the proprietor, he mounted the engine on wheels and
turned it into a locomotive. In 1803, Trevithick sold the patents
for his locomotives to Samuel Homfray. Homfray was so impressed
with Trevithick's locomotive that he made a bet with another
ironmaster, Richard Crawshay, for 500 guineas that Trevithick's
steam locomotive could haul ten tons of iron along the Merthyr
Tydfil Tramroad from Penydarren to Abercynon, a distance of 9.75
miles (15.69 km). Amid great interest from the public, on February
21, 1804 it successfully carried 10 tons of iron, 5 wagons and 70
men the full distance in 4 hours and 5 minutes, an average speed
of approximately 2.4 mph (3.9 km/h). The bet was won. Despite many
people's doubts, it had been shown that, provided that the
gradient was sufficiently gentle, it was possible to successfully
haul heavy carriages along a smooth iron road using the adhesive
weight alone of a suitably heavy and powerful steam locomotive.
Trevithick's was probably the first to do so; however some of the
short cast iron plates of the tramroad broke under the locomotive
as they were intended only to support the lighter axle load of
horse-drawn wagons and so the tramroad returned to horse power
after the initial test run. Homfray was pleased he won his bet.
Nevertheless, the engine was placed on blocks and reverted to its
original stationary job of driving hammers. On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: October:
Ten Days That Shook The World (1928) DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, February 21, 2026
February 21, 1848: First Publications: --
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, just as The Revolutions Of 1848
begin to erupt, publish in London The Manifesto Of The Communist
Party, now known as The Communist Manifesto, a political pamphlet
commissioned by the Communist League that was later recognised as
one of the world's most influential political documents. It
presents an analytical approach to the class struggle (historical
and then-present) and the problems of capitalism and the
capitalist mode of production, rather than a prediction of
communism's potential future forms. The Communist Manifesto
summarises Marx and Engels' theories about the nature of society
and politics, that in their own words, "The history of all
hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles".
It also briefly features their ideas for how the capitalist
society of the time would eventually be replaced by socialism. In
2013 The Communist Manifesto was registered to UNESCO's Memory of
the World Programme with the Capital, Volume I. On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Washington, D.C. History Video Set DVD, MP4 Download, USB Flash
Drive
Today, February 21, 2026
February 21, 1885: Dedications: Monument
Dedications: National Monuments (United States): The Washington
Monument: -- The newly completed Washington Monument is dedicated.
The Washington Monument is an obelisk within the National Mall in
Washington, D.C., built to commemorate George Washington, once
commander-in-chief of the Continental Army (1775-1784) in the
American Revolutionary War and the first President of the United
States (1789-1797). Located almost due east of the Reflecting Pool
and the Lincoln Memorial, the monument, made of marble, granite,
and bluestone gneiss, is both the world's tallest predominantly
stone structure and the world's tallest obelisk, standing 554 feet
7 11/32 inches (169.046 m) tall according to the U.S. National
Geodetic Survey (measured 2013-14) or 555 feet 5 1/8 inches
(169.294 m) tall according to the National Park Service (measured
1884). It is the tallest monumental column in the world if all are
measured above their pedestrian entrances. Overtaking the Cologne
Cathedral, it was the tallest structure in the world between 1884
and 1889, after which it was overtaken by the Eiffel Tower in
Paris. Construction of the monument began in 1848 and was halted
for a period of 23 years, from 1854 to 1877 due to a lack of
funds, a struggle for control over the Washington National
Monument Society, and the American Civil War. Although the stone
structure was completed in 1884, internal ironwork, the knoll, and
installation of memorial stones were not completed until 1888. A
difference in shading of the marble, visible approximately 150
feet (46 m) or 27% up, shows where construction was halted and
later resumed with marble from a different source. The original
design was by Robert Mills (1781-1855) of South Carolina, but he
did not include his proposed colonnade due to a lack of funds,
proceeding only with a bare obelisk. The cornerstone was laid on
July 4, 1848; the first stone was laid atop the unfinished stump
on August 7, 1880; the capstone was set on December 6, 1884; the
completed monument was dedicated on February 21, 1885; and
officially opened October 9, 1888. The Washington Monument is a
hollow Egyptian style stone obelisk with a 500-foot (152.4 m) tall
column surmounted by a 55-foot (16.8 m) tall pyramidion. Its walls
are 15 feet (4.6 m) thick at its base and 1 1/2 feet (0.46 m)
thick at their top. The marble pyramidion has thin walls only 7
inches (18 cm) thick supported by six arches, two between opposite
walls that cross at the center of the pyramidion and four smaller
corner arches. The top of the pyramidion is a large marble
capstone with a small aluminum pyramid at its apex with
inscriptions on all four sides. The lowest 150 feet (45.7 m) of
the walls, constructed during the first phase 1848-1854, are
composed of a pile of bluestone gneiss rubble stones (not finished
stones) held together by a large amount of mortar with a facade of
semi-finished marble stones about 1 1/4 feet (0.4 m) thick. The
upper 350 feet (106.7 m) of the walls, constructed during the
second phase 1880-1884, are composed of finished marble surface
stones, half of which project into the walls, partially backed by
finished granite stones. The interior is occupied by iron stairs
that spiral up the walls, with an elevator in the center, each
supported by four iron columns, which do not support the stone
structure. The stairs contain fifty sections, most on the north
and south walls, with many long landings stretching between them
along the east and west walls. These landings allowed many
inscribed memorial stones of various materials and sizes to be
easily viewed while the stairs were accessible (until 1976), plus
one memorial stone between stairs that is difficult to view. The
pyramidion has eight observation windows, two per side, and eight
red aircraft warning lights, two per side. Two aluminum lightning
rods connected via the elevator support columns to ground water
protect the monument. The monument's present foundation is 37 feet
(11.3 m) thick, consisting of half of its original bluestone
gneiss rubble encased in concrete. At the northeast corner of the
foundation, 21 feet (6.4 m) below ground, is the marble
cornerstone, including a zinc case filled with memorabilia. Fifty
American flags fly on a large circle of poles centered on the
monument. In 2001, a temporary screening facility was added to the
entrance to prevent a terrorist attack. An earthquake in 2011
slightly damaged the monument, and it was closed until 2014. It
was closed again for elevator system repairs, security upgrades,
and mitigation of soil contamination from August 2016 to September
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Anais
Observed: A Portrait Of A Woman As Artist DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, February 21, 2026
February 21, 1903: #BOTD: #HBD! Anais Nin (pronounced AH-nah-ees Nihn), French-American diarist, essayist, novelist, and writer of short stories and erotica (d. January 14, 1977) is #born Angela Anais Juana Antolina Rosa Edelmira Nin y Culmell to Cuban parents in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. Nin was the daughter of composer Joaquin Nin and Rosa Culmell, a classically trained singer. Although Nin spent some time in Spain and Cuba, she lived most of her life in the United States, where she became an established author. Beginning at age eleven, Nin wrote journals prolifically for six decades and even up until her death. Her journals, many of which were published during her lifetime, detail her private thoughts and personal relationships, as well as her sexually abusive and incestuous relationship with her father. Her journals also describe her marriages to Hugh Parker Guiler and Rupert Pole, in addition to her numerous affairs, including those with psychoanalyst Otto Rank and writer Henry Miller, both of whom profoundly influenced Nin and her writing. In addition to her journals, Nin wrote several novels, critical studies, essays, short stories, and volumes of erotica. Much of her work, including the collections of erotica Delta of Venus and Little Birds, was published posthumously amid renewed critical interest in her life and work. Nin spent her later life in Los Angeles, California, where she died of cervical cancer at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California at the age of 73. Her remains were cremated, and her ashes were scattered over Santa Monica Bay in Mermaid Cove. Her first husband, Hugh Guiler, died in 1985, and his ashes were scattered in the cove as well. #AnaisNin #Novelists #Diarists #Memoirists #Essayists #Journalists #Erotica #ShortStories #Literature #MP4 #VideoDownload #DVD On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/anais-nin-observed-19741974.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: World War
II: The War Years 17 Part TV Series MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, February 21, 2026
February 21 1910: #BOTD: #HBD! Douglas
Bader, English captain and pilot, Royal Air Force (RAF) flying ace
of The Second World War, credited with 22 aerial victories, four
shared victories, six probables, one shared probable and 11 enemy
aircraft damaged (d. September 5, 1982)) is #born on in St John's
Wood, London, the second son of Major Frederick Roberts Bader
(1867-1922), a civil engineer, and his wife Jessie Scott
MacKenzie. Group Captain Sir Douglas Robert Steuart Bader CBE
(Commander Of The Most Excellent Order Of The British Empire), DSO
(Distinguished Service Order) *amp; Bar (DSO awarded twice), DFC
(Distinguished Flying Cross) *amp; Bar (DFC awarded twice), Kt
(Knight Bachelor), FRAeS (Fellow Of The Royal Aeronautical
Society), MiD (Mentioned In Despatches), DL (Deputy Lieutenant to
a Lord Lieutenant representative of the British monarch) joined
the RAF in 1928, and was commissioned in 1930. In December 1931,
while attempting some aerobatics, he crashed and lost both his
legs. Having been on the brink of death, he recovered, retook
flight training, passed his check flights and then requested
reactivation as a pilot. Although there were no regulations
applicable to his situation, he was retired against his will on
medical grounds. After the outbreak of the Second World War in
1939, however, Douglas Bader returned to the RAF and was accepted
as a pilot. He scored his first victories over Dunkirk during the
Battle Of France in 1940. He then took part in the Battle Of
Britain and became a friend and supporter of Air Vice Marshal
Trafford Leigh-Mallory and his "Big Wing" experiments.
In August 1941, Bader bailed out over German-occupied France and
was captured. Soon afterward, he met and was befriended by Adolf
Galland, a prominent German fighter ace. Despite his disability,
Bader made a number of escape attempts and was eventually sent to
the prisoner of war camp at Colditz Castle. He remained there
until April 1945 when the camp was liberated by the First United
States Army. Bader left the RAF permanently in February 1946 and
resumed his career in the oil industry. During the 1950s, a book
and a film, Reach for the Sky, chronicled his life and RAF career
to the end of the Second World War. Bader campaigned for the
disabled and in the Queen's Birthday Honours 1976 was appointed a
Knight Bachelor "for services to disabled people" and
continued to fly until ill health forced him to stop in 1979.
Douglas Bader died at the age of 72 of a heart attack while being
driven through Chiswick, west London, on his way home from a
dinner honouring Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Arthur
"Bomber" Harris at the Guildhall, at which he spoke. His
remains were cremated, and the ashes given to his widow, Joan
Eileen (Hipkiss) Bader OBE (Officer Of The Most Excellent Order Of
The British Empire). On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Verdun!
World War I Battle Film & Documentaries Collection DVD MP4 USB
Today, February 21, 2026
February 21, 1916: The European Civil
War: World War I: The First European War (The European Theater Of
World War I): The Western Front Of World War I: The Battle Of
Verdun (French: Bataille De Verdun; German: Schlacht Um Verdun):
-- The titanic Battle Of Verdun, after poor weather had delayed
its commencement, finally begins at 07:15 as German Crown Prince
Wilhelm's 5th Army attacks the defences of the Fortified Region of
Verdun (RFV, Region Fortifiee de Verdun) and those of the French
Second Army on the right (east) bank of the Meuse, opening the
battle with 1,400 guns packed along the eight-mile front, the guns
well served by good nearby railway facilities. The Germans
captured Fort Douaumont, the largest and highest fort on the ring
of 19 large defensive works which had protected the city of
Verdun, France since the 1890s, a mere three days later. The
advance then slowed for several days, despite inflicting many
French casualties. The Battle Of Verdun (French: Bataille de
Verdun; German: Schlacht um Verdun, was fought from February 21,
1916 to December 18, 1916 on the Western Front in France. The
battle was the longest of the First World War and took place on
the hills north of Verdun-sur-Meuse. Using the experience of the
Second Battle of Champagne in 1915, the Germans planned to capture
the Meuse Heights, an excellent defensive position with good
observation for artillery-fire on Verdun. The Germans hoped that
the French would commit their strategic reserve to recapture the
position and suffer catastrophic losses at little cost to the
Germans. By March 6, 20 1/2 French divisions were in the RFV and a
more extensive defence in depth had been constructed. Philippe
Petain ordered no retreat and that German attacks were to be
counter-attacked, despite this exposing French infantry to German
artillery-fire. By March 29, French guns on the west bank had
begun a constant bombardment of Germans on the east bank, causing
many infantry casualties. The German offensive was extended to the
left (west) bank of the Meuse, to gain observation and eliminate
the French artillery firing over the river but the attacks failed
to reach their objectives. The battle lasted for 302 days, the
longest and one of the most costly in human history, with the
French suffering some 377K casualties and the Germans 337K, an
average of 70K a month. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: TV
Commercials: The Cable Age Classics Vol. 4 MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, February 21, 2026
February 21, 1925: First Publications: --
The New Yorker Magazine, the American weekly magazine featuring
journalism, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire,
cartoons, and poetry, publishes its first issue. It was founded by
Harold Ross (1892-1951) and his wife Jane Grant (1892-1972), a New
York Times reporter. Ross wanted to create a sophisticated humor
magazine that would be different from perceivably "corny"
humor publications such as Judge, where he had worked, or the old
Life magazine. Ross edited the magazine until his death in 1951.
During the early, occasionally precarious years of its existence,
the magazine prided itself on its cosmopolitan sophistication.
Ross declared in a 1925 prospectus for the magazine: "It has
announced that it is not edited for the old lady in Dubuque."
The magazine is published 47 times annually, with five of these
issues covering two-week spans. Although its reviews and events
listings often focus on the cultural life of New York City, The
New Yorker has a wide audience outside New York and is read
internationally. It is well known for its illustrated and often
topical covers, its commentaries on popular culture and eccentric
American culture, its attention to modern fiction by the inclusion
of short stories and literary reviews, its rigorous fact checking
and copy editing, its journalism on politics and social issues,
and its single-panel cartoons sprinkled throughout each issue. On
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: King: A
Filmed Record: Montgomery To Memphis DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, February 21, 2026
February 21, 1933 : #BOTD: #HBD! Nina
Simone, African American singer, songwriter, pianist, and civil
rights activist whose music spanned styles including classical,
folk, gospel, blues, jazz, R & B and pop (d. April 21, 2003)
is #born Eunice Kathleen Waymon, the sixth of eight children born
from a poor family in Tryon, North Carolina. Simone initially
aspired to be a concert pianist, and with the help of a few
supporters in her hometown, she enrolled in the Juilliard School
of Music in New York City. She then applied for a scholarship to
study at the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia, where,
despite a well received audition, she was denied admission, which
she attributed to racism. In 2003, just days before her death, the
Institute awarded her an honorary degree. To make a living, Simone
started playing piano at a nightclub in Atlantic City. She changed
her name to "Nina Simone" to disguise herself from
family members, having chosen to play "the devil's music"
or so-called "cocktail piano". She was told in the
nightclub that she would have to sing to her own accompaniment,
which effectively launched her career as a jazz vocalist. She went
on to record more than 40 albums between 1958 and 1974, making her
debut with Little Girl Blue. She had a hit single in the United
States in 1958 with "I Loves You, Porgy". Her piano
playing was strongly influenced by baroque and classical music,
especially Johann Sebastian Bach, and accompanied expressive,
jazz-like singing in her contralto voice. Nina Simone died in her
sleep of breast cancer at her home in Carry-le-Rouet
(Bouches-du-Rhone), France, aged 70. Her Catholic funeral service
at the local parish was attended by singers Miriam Makeba and
Patti LaBelle, poet Sonia Sanchez, actors Ossie Davis and Ruby
Dee, and hundreds of others. Simone's ashes were scattered in
several African countries. ========= Februay 21, 2023: First WKCR
24 hour Birthday broadcast for Nina Simone. ========= Februay 21,
2024: WKCR reprises its 24 hour Birthday broadcast for Nina
Simone; hopefully, this will indeed by annual now : ) . =========
Februay 21, 2025: WKCR HAS MADE THIS BIRTHDAY BROADCAST
PERMANENT!!! YAY!!! On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Watergate:
The Secret Story With Mike Wallace DVD MP4 USB Flash Drive
Today, February 21, 2026
February 21, 1936: #BOTD: #HBD! Barbara
Jordan, African American lawyer, educator, and politician,
Presidential Medal Of Freedom recipient, among numerous other
honors #d. January 17, 1996) is #born Barbara Charline Jordan in
Houston, Texas's Fifth Ward. A Democrat, she was, in addition to
the first Southern African American woman elected to the United
States House Of Representatives, was also the first African
American elected to the Texas Senate after Reconstruction. Jordan
was known for her eloquent opening statement at the House
Judiciary Committee hearings during the impeachment process
against Richard Nixon. In 1976, she became the first African
American, and the first woman, to ever deliver a keynote address
at a Democratic National Convention. The U.S. National Archives
describes Barbara Jordan as the first LGBTQ+ woman in Congress.
Jordan's partner of approximately twenty years was Nancy Earl, a
white educational psychologist who met Jordan on a camping trip in
the late 1960s. Earl was an occasional speechwriter for Jordan,
and later cared for her when she developed multiple sclerosis in
1973. While the Houston Chronicle obituary of Jordan identified
Earl as her "longtime companion", and while other
sources have stated that Earl was Jordan's same-sex partner,
neither woman is known to have publicly stated that the two had a
romantic relationship. On July 31, 1988, Jordan nearly drowned in
her backyard swimming pool while doing physical therapy, but she
was saved by Earl, who found her floating in the pool and revived
her. In the KUT-FM radio documentary Rediscovering Barbara Jordan,
President Bill Clinton said that he had wanted to nominate Jordan
for the United States Supreme Court, but by the time he could do
so, Jordan's health problems prevented him from nominating her.
Barbara Jordan died at the age of 59 of complications from
pneumonia in Austin, Texas; she also had leukemia. She is interred
in Texas State Cemetery, the first African American to receive
this honor, a cemetery that Jordan had previously advocated that
African Americans be buried in when she served in the Texas State
Senate. Jordan's grave rests near that of the "Father of
Texas" Stephen F. Austin. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Last
Cause Spanish Civil War TV Series + Bonus MP4 Download DVD
Today, February 21, 2026
February 21, 1937: The Interwar Period
(The Interbellum, Between The Wars): The Spanish Civil War:1937 In
The Spanish Civil War: Non-Intervention In The Spanish Civil War:
The League Of Nations: The Non-Intervention Committee: -- The
League Of Nations bans foreign national "volunteers" on
either side of the the Spanish Civil War, putting them in the
category of unlawful combatants. An unlawful combatant, illegal
combatant or unprivileged combatant/belligerent is a person who
directly engages in armed conflict in violation of the laws of war
or is fighting outside of internationally recognized military
forces. An unlawful combatant may be detained or prosecuted under
the domestic law of the detaining state for such action. The
International Committee of the Red Cross points out that the terms
are not defined in any international agreements. On July 17, 1936,
the Spanish Army launched a coup d'etat, leading to a prolonged
armed conflict between Spanish Republicans (the elected leftist
national government) and the Nationalists (conservative,
anti-communist rebels who included most officers of the Spanish
Army). Julio Alvarez del Vayo, the Spanish Minister of Foreign
Affairs, appealed to the League in September 1936 for arms to
defend Spain's territorial integrity and political independence.
The League members would not intervene in the Spanish Civil War
nor prevent foreign intervention in the conflict. Adolf Hitler and
Mussolini continued to aid General Francisco Franco's
Nationalists, while the Soviet Union helped the Spanish Republic.
In February 1937, the League did ban foreign volunteers, but this
was in practice a symbolic move. The Spanish Civil War (Spanish:
Guerra Civil Espanola) was a civil war in Spain fought from 1936
to 1939. Republicans loyal to the left-leaning Second Spanish
Republic, in alliance with anarchists, of the communist and
syndicalist variety, fought against a revolt by the Nationalists,
an alliance of Falangists, monarchists, conservatives and
Catholics, led by a military group among whom General Francisco
Franco soon achieved a preponderant role. Due to the international
political climate at the time, the war had many facets and was
variously viewed as class struggle, a war of religion, a struggle
between dictatorship and republican democracy, between revolution
and counterrevolution, and between fascism and communism. It has
been frequently called the "dress rehearsal" for World
War II. The Nationalists won the war, which ended in early 1939,
and ruled Spain until Franco's death in November 1975. On Sale @
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Eyes On
The Prize II: America At The Racial Crossroads DVD MP4 USB
Today, February 21, 2026
( #JCKaelin here: One of the last things
John Lewis did before he died was to gift me with his "MARCH"
boxed set along with a thank you note [both of which I reverently
showed to all of my black colleagues at the Bayonne Post Office
when it arrived at my P.O. box], for which I will be forever
grateful and - as he intended - forever working to be worthy of
his faith in me :) . #HappyBirthday! in memoriam to as excellent a
role model of a great man that as ever there was. He was a kind
supporter and customer of our website; in 1996, one of my first
online civil rights projects was the world's first streaming video
of the brave turning point March 7, 1965 "Bloody Sunday"
attack at the Edmund Pettus Bridge during The Selma To Montgomery
Marches that fractured his skull and scarred his head for life; it
was my vigorous defense of Mr. Lewis on social media after the
2016 Presidential Election that brought me to his attention, and
to that of Black Lives Matter, whose Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
chapter asked me to form a chapter in Bayonne, New Jersey
immediately following (which I declined, explaining that the
history of white-run black rights organizations was a very poor
one, but that I'd gladly serve as the lowest-ranking foot soldier
of any such chapter to prove the point that a white man would
choose to do what black folks told him to do {which is the best
witness for a white BLM member to do, isn't it?) -- cementing my
then twenty-year long career as an online civil rights media
historian activist that was to prove to have long-lasting effects,
enduring all these years since!) ========= February 21, 1940:
#BOTD: #HBD! John Lewis, African American activist, politician and
prominent civil rights leader (d. July 17, 2020) is #born John
Robert Lewis near Troy, Alabama, the third of ten children of
Willie Mae (nee Carter) and Eddie Lewis. His parents were
sharecroppers in rural Pike County, Alabama. John Lewis was the
U.S. Representative for Georgia's 5th congressional district,
serving from 1987 until his death, and was the dean of the Georgia
congressional delegation. His district included three-quarters of
Atlanta. Lewis, who as chairman of the Student Nonviolent
Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was one of the "Big Six"
leaders of groups who organized the 1963 March on Washington,
played many key roles in the Civil Rights Movement and its actions
to end legalized racial segregation in the United States. He is a
member of the Democratic Party leadership in the U.S. House of
Representatives and has served as a Chief Deputy Whip since 1991
and Senior Chief Deputy Whip since 2003. Lewis has been awarded
many honorary degrees and is the recipient of numerous awards from
eminent national and international institutions, including the
highest civilian honor, the Presidential Medal Of Freedom. Lewis
died of stage IV pancreatic cancer at the age of 80 after an
eight-month battle with the disease in Atlanta, on the same day as
his friend and fellow civil rights activist C. T. Vivian. On Sale
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Carriers:
Aircraft Carrier History TV Series DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, February 21, 2026
February 21, 1945: World War II: The
Pacific War (The Asia-Pacific War, The Pacific Theater Of World
War II): The Pacific Ocean Theater Of World War II: The Volcano
And Ryukyu Islands Campaign: The Battle Of Iwo Jima (Operation
Detachment): -- Japanese kamikaze planes sink the escort carrier
USS Bismarck Sea and damage the USS Saratoga. The USS Bismarck Sea
(CVE-95) was the fortieth of fifty Casablanca-class escort
carriers built to serve the United States Navy during World War
II; she was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named
for the Battle of the Bismarck Sea. Completed in May 1944, she
served in support of the Philippines campaign, and the landings on
Iwo Jima. She sank off of Iwo Jima due to two Japanese kamikaze
attacks, killing 318 crewmen. Notably, she is the last aircraft
carrier in U.S. service, to date, to sink in enemy action. USS
Saratoga (CV-3) was a Lexington-class aircraft carrier built for
the United States Navy during the 1920s. Originally designed as a
battlecruiser, she was converted into one of the Navy's first
aircraft carriers during construction to comply with the
Washington Naval Treaty of 1922. The ship entered service in 1928
and was assigned to the Pacific Fleet for her entire career.
Saratoga and her sister ship, Lexington, were used to develop and
refine carrier tactics in a series of annual exercises before
World War II. On more than one occasion these exercises included
successful surprise attacks on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. She was one
of three prewar US fleet aircraft carriers, along with Enterprise
and Ranger, to serve throughout World War II. The Battle Of Iwo
Jima (February 18 - March 26 1945) was a major battle in which the
United States Marine Corps landed on and eventually captured the
island of Iwo Jima from the Imperial Japanese Army during World
War II. The American invasion, designated Operation Detachment,
had the goal of capturing the entire island, including the three
Japanese-controlled airfields (including the South Field and the
Central Field), to provide a staging area for attacks on the
Japanese main islands. This five-week battle comprised some of the
fiercest and bloodiest fighting of the Pacific War of World War
II. After the heavy losses incurred in the battle, the strategic
value of the island became controversial. It was useless to the
U.S. Army as a staging base and useless to the U.S. Navy as a
fleet base.[6] However, Navy Seabees rebuilt the landing strips,
which were used as emergency landing strips for USAAF B-29s. The
Imperial Japanese Army positions on the island were heavily
fortified, with a dense network of bunkers, hidden artillery
positions, and 11 miles of underground tunnels. The American
ground forces were supported by extensive naval artillery, and had
complete air supremacy provided by U.S. Navy and Marine Corps
aviators throughout the entire battle. Japanese combat deaths
numbered three times the number of American deaths although,
uniquely among Pacific War Marine battles, American total
casualties exceeded those of the Japanese. Of the 21,000 Japanese
soldiers on Iwo Jima at the beginning of the battle, only 216 were
taken prisoner, some of whom were captured because they had been
knocked unconscious or otherwise disabled. The majority of the
remainder were killed in action, although it has been estimated
that as many as 3,000 continued to resist within the various cave
systems for many days afterwards, eventually succumbing to their
injuries or surrendering weeks later. On February 18, 1945, the
133rd Naval Construction Battalion (NCB) of the Seabees joined the
Fifth Marine Amphibious Corps and the Fourth Marine Division for
the amphibious assault on Iwo Jima. The next day, the entire force
landed on Iwo Jima on D-Day with the first assault wave led by the
Fourth Marine Division. The 133rd NCHB suffered severe casualties
during the fight for Iwo Jima, where it distinguished itself in
both front-line combat and construction. The 133rd NCHC had 370
casualties, more than 40 percent of the 875 men that landed, the
highest casualties as part of a single battle in Seabee history.
Joe Rosenthal's Associated Press photograph of the raising of the
U.S. flag on top of the 169 m (554 ft) Mount Suribachi by six U.S.
Marines became an iconic image of the battle and the American war
effort in the Pacific. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: 150 Years
Of Photography Hal Holbrook + Bonus Title DVD Video Download
Today, February 21, 2026
February 21, 1947: Photography: The
History Of Photography: Great Inventions: Instant Cameras: The
Land Camera (The Polaroid Land Camera): -- Edwin Land demonstrates
the first "instant camera", the Polaroid Land Camera, to
a meeting of the Optical Society of America in New York City. The
Land Camera is a model of self-developing film camera manufactured
by Polaroid between 1948 and 1983. It is named after their
inventor, Edwin Land, who developed a process for self-developing
photography between 1943 and 1947. After Edwin Land's retirement
from Polaroid, the name 'Land' was dropped from the camera name.
The first commercially available model was the Model 95, which
produced sepia-colored prints in about 1 minute. It was first sold
to the public on November 26, 1948. The instant camera is a type
of camera which uses self-developing film to create a chemically
developed print shortly after taking the picture. Polaroid
Corporation pioneered (and patented) consumer-friendly instant
cameras and film, and were followed by various other
manufacturers. The invention of commercially viable instant
cameras which were easy to use is generally credited to American
scientist Edwin Land, who unveiled the first commercial instant
camera, the model 95 Land Camera, in 1948, a year after he
unveiled the instant film in New York City. The earliest instant
camera, which consisted of a camera and portable wet darkroom in a
single compartment, was invented in 1923 by Samuel Shlafrock. On
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Refugees Of Stalin's Ice City Of Igarka MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, February 21, 2026
February 21, 1948: The Aftermath Of World
War II: The Cold War: The Eastern Bloc (The Communist Bloc, The
Socialist Bloc, The Soviet Bloc): Political Repression In The
Soviet Union: Cold War Rebellions: The Guerrilla War In The Baltic
States: Forced Migration In The Soviet Union: The Lithuanian
Soviet Socialist Republic: Operation Vesna (Russian: Operatsiya
Vesna: "Operation Spring") -- The largest Soviet
deportation from Lithuania, the mass deportation of the armed
opposition to the Soviet power of occupied Lithuania, is ordered
by the USSR Council Of Ministers with the issue of Decree No.
417-160cc, where were carried out by the forces of the Soviet
state security apparatus, the Ministry Of State Security (MGB), on
May 22-24, 1948. The decree targeted Lithuanian guerrilla
fighters, part of The Guerrilla War In The Baltic States, an
insurgency waged by Baltic (Latvian, Lithuanian and Estonian)
partisans against the Soviet Union from 1944 to 1956. Known by a
variety of names, including "The Brothers Of The Wood"
and "The Forest Friars" (Estonian: Metsavennad, "The
Forest Brothers", Latvian: Mezabrali, "The Forest
Brethern", Lithuanian: Zaliukai, "The Greens"),
these partisans fought against invading Soviet forces during their
occupation of the Baltic states during and after World War II;
similar insurgent groups resisted Soviet occupations in Bulgaria,
Poland, Romania and Ukraine. Decree No. 417-160cc also targeted
members the families the Lithuanian "Greens", and
"various helpers of anti-Soviet partisans, including kulaks."
The official tally of the deported Lithuanians was 49,331 (other
sources give the number 39,766 and 47,534). In addition to ethnic
Lithuanians, Poles and Belarusians were deported as well. The
exact numbers by ethnicity are unknown. Their official status was
"special settlers" (severely restricted in movement, but
otherwise officially not deprived of other citizen's rights). The
majority of deportations were to Krasnoyarsk Krai (23,467),
Irkutsk Oblast (11,495) and Buryat-Mongolian ASSR (4,038). About
25,000 worked in forest industry, and the rest in coal mines and
kolkhozes. About 11,000 children were deported with their parents.
About 6,000 to 10,000 of the deportees were brought to Igarka, a
town in Turukhansky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located
163 kilometers (101 mi) north of the Arctic Circle. Later more
Lithuanians were moved from other places of Krasnoyarsk Krai to
Igarka. In the first years, about 1,000 to 3,000 Lithuanians died
in Igarka, mostly children and the elderly. There are three
Lithuanian cemeteries in Igarka, one of them has 1,000 burials.
Many "settlers" were arrested an put to Gulag labor
camps for various violations: trying to escape, singing Lithuanian
"nationalist" songs, etc. During 1956-1961, most
Lithuanians returned from Igarka to Lithuania. As of 1989 about
270 Lithuanians stayed in Igarka. The Lithuanian Union of Igarka
was established in 1992. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Nuke
Films: The War Game/A Guide To Armageddon/Doomsday Clock MP4 DVD
Today, February 21, 2026
February 21, 1958: Nuclear Disarmament
(Denuclearization): The Campaign For Nuclear Disarmament (CND):The
Direct Action Committee Against Nuclear War (The Direct Action
Committee [DAC]): The CND Symbol (The Campaign For Nuclear
Disarmament Symbol, The Nuclear Disarmanent Symbol [The ND
Symbol], The Peace Symbol): -- The CND (Campaign For Nuclear
Disarmament) symbol, aka the ND (Nuclear Disarmanent) symbol is
designed and completed by Gerald Holtom, commissioned by the
Direct Action Committee in protest against the Atomic Weapons
Research Establishment, the organization responsible for the
design, manufacture and support of warheads for the United
Kingdom's nuclear deterrent. It has become a nearly universal
peace symbol used in many different versions worldwide, and has
been adopted by anti-war and counterculture activists in the US
and elsewhere. It is based on the Algiz rune for the letter Z in
the Elder Futhark runic alphabet; with the arms pointed up, it
means the life of man coming up from the earth, and pointed down
the matter of man returning to the earth. On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: El Hajj
Malik El Shabazz: Malcolm X Biography DVD Download USB Drive
Today, February 21, 2026
( #JCKaelin here: I grew up in Laurelton,
Queens, New York City, some ten miles south from Minister
Malcolm's home in East Elmhurst, Queens; I was born six weeks
after his daughter Qubilah, a year and a half before his daughter
Ilyasah and some two years after Attallah, all of whom are
beautiful. My first friend was Gregory, whose older brothers were
members of Nation Of Islam (NOI) Mosque No. 7 (modern Masjid
Malcolm Shabazz mosque) who followed Malcolm into the Organization
Of Afro-American Unity (OAAU), and whose aunts (who showered me
with affection) were Baptist emigres from the south, so my
education in African American Civil Rights, Liberation Theology
and Black Power started when I first met Greg in Kindergarten.
There are other things that connect me to Brother Malcolm; not
least of which that I've spent much of my life studying and
analyzing his speeches :) ). ========= February 21, 1965: #DOTD:
#RIP: Malcolm X, African American Muslim minister, black
nationalist and civil rights activist, an electric and popular
figure during the American Civil Rights Movement best known for
his advocacy for the rights of blacks (b. May 19, 1925) #dies at
age 39 when he is shot and killed while delivering a speech in at
the Audobon Ballroom in New York City. He is buried at Ferncliff
Cemetery And Mausoleum in Hartsdale, New York. Born Malcolm Little
in Omaha, Nebraska, he relocated to New York City's Harlem
neighborhood in 1943, after spending his teenage years in a series
of foster homes following his father's murder and his mother's
hospitalization. In New York, Little engaged in several illicit
activities, and was eventually sentenced to ten years in prison in
1946 for larceny and breaking and entering. In prison, he joined
the Nation Of Islam (NOI) and changed his name to Malcolm X. After
his release, he quickly became one of the organization's most
influential leaders after being paroled in 1952. During the civil
rights movement, Malcolm X served as the public face of the
controversial group for a dozen years, where he advocated for
black supremacy, the separation of black and white Americans, and
rejected the notion of the civil rights movement for its emphasis
on racial integration. He also expressed pride in some of the
social achievements he made with the Nation, particularly its free
drug rehabilitation program. In the 1950s, Malcolm X endured
surveillance from the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) for
the Nation's supposed links to communism. By the early 1960s,
Malcolm X began to grow disillusioned with the Nation of Islam,
and in particular, with its leader Elijah Muhammad. Expressing
many regrets about his time with them, which he had come to regard
as largely wasted, he instead embraced Sunni Islam. Malcolm X then
began to advocate for racial harmony after completing the Hajj,
whereby he also became known as el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz. After a
brief period of travel across Africa, he notably repudiated the
Nation of Islam, and founded Muslim Mosque, Inc. (MMI) and the
Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU) to emphasize
Pan-Africanism. Throughout 1964, his conflict with the Nation Of
Islam intensified, and he was repeatedly sent death threats. On
February 21, 1965, Malcolm X was preparing to address the OAAU at
the Audubon Ballroom on Broadway at West 165th Street in the
Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City when
he was assassinated by Thomas Hagan, Thomas Johnson, and Norman
Butler, three members of the Nation of Islam. The trio were
sentenced to indeterminate life sentences, and were required to
serve a minimum of 20 years in prison. Evidence of conspiracy
regarding the assassination, and its conception and aid by leading
members of the Nation and law enforcement agencies, have persisted
for decades after the shooting. Malcolm X was posthumously honored
with Malcolm X Day, which commemorates him in various cities and
states nationwide. Hundreds of streets and schools in the U.S.
have been renamed in his honor, while the Audubon Ballroom, the
site of his assassination, was in-part redeveloped in 2005 to
accommodate the Malcolm X and Dr. Betty Shabazz Memorial and
Educational Center. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Heart Of
The Dragon TV Series DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, February 21, 2026
February 21, 1972: The History Of China:
China-United States Relations: The 1972 Visit By Richard Nixon To
China: -- President Richard Nixon arrives in China for historic
meetings with Chairman Mao Tse-tung and Premier Chou En-lai to
normalize relations between the People's Republic Of China and the
United States Of America. U.S. President Richard Nixon's 1972
visit to the People's Republic Of China was an important strategic
and diplomatic overture that marked the culmination of the Nixon
administration's resumption of harmonious relations between the
United States and mainland China after years of diplomatic
isolation. The seven-day official visit to three Chinese cities
was the first time a U.S. president had visited the PRC; Nixon's
arrival in Beijing ended 25 years of no communication or
diplomatic ties between the two countries and was the key step in
normalizing relations between the U.S. and China. Nixon visited
China to gain more leverage over relations with the Soviet Union.
On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Unauthorized Biography: Richard Nixon w/Barbara Howar MP4 Download
DVD
Today, February 21, 2026
February 21, 1975: Richard Nixon: The
Presidency Of Richard Nixon: The Watergate Scandal: -- Former
United States Attorney General John N. Mitchell, and former White
House aides H. R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman, are sentenced to
prison for their involvement in the Watergate Scandal. Attorney
General Mitchell was found guilty of conspiracy, obstruction of
justice and perjury, and sentenced to two and a half to eight
years in prison for his role in the Watergate break-in and
cover-up, which he dubbed the "White House Horrors".
Haldeman was convicted of conspiracy and obstruction of justice
and also sentenced to serve 2 1/2 to 8 years, subsequently
commuted to 1 to 4 years; in Lompoc Federal Prison, he worked in
the sewage treatment facility testing sewage. Ehrlichman was
convicted of conspiracy, obstruction of justice, perjury and other
charges, and like Mitchell and Haldeman sentenced to between two
and a half and eight years in prison; in 1977, the sentences were
commuted to one to four years, and unlike his co-defendants,
Ehrlichman voluntarily entered prison before his appeals were
exhausted. He was released from the Federal Correctional
Institution, Safford, after serving a total of 18 months. On Sale
@ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: War Jets:
The Messerschmitt Me 262 Schwalbe Sturmvogel DVD MP4 USB
Today, February 21, 2026
( #JCKaelin here: I practically never
give an #HBD or #RIP hashtag to anyone who fought for Nazi Germany
- but this man merits an exception. When I hear Elvis Costello's
song "Goon Squad" about a good man stuck with fighting
for bad people, I think of Herr Steinhoff. Virtually every Allied
soldier who met him after the war held him in the highest personal
as well as professional regard, and he was awarded several times
by those same Allies, including the American Legion Of Merit and
the French Legion of Honour. I too hold him in such high regard;
in my endless surveying of world history in general, and The
Second World War in particular, I account him one of the great and
good men who, like Yamamoto, deserved to be "cut a break"
;) ). #RIP, Herr Steinhoff, and thank you for illuminating me as
well as so many of your former, and reconciled, enemies.)
========= February 21, 1994: #DOTD: #RIP: Johannes Steinhoff,
nicknamed "Macky", Luftwaffe fighter ace during World
War II, German general, and NATO official (b. September 15, 1913)
#dies in a Bonn hospital aged 80 from complications arising from a
heart attack he suffered the previous December. He had lived in
nearby Bad Godesberg. He is buried at Wachtberg Villip Village
Cemetery in Wachtberg, Rhein-Sieg-Kreis, Nordrhein-Westfalen,
Germany. Johannes Steinhoff was born in Bottendorf, Province Of
Saxony, Prussia, Germany. He was one of very few Luftwaffe pilots
who survived to fly operationally through the whole of the war
period 1939-45 until he was severely burned during a failed
take-off. Steinhoff was also one of the highest-scoring pilots
with 176 victories, and one of the first to fly the Messerschmitt
Me 262 jet fighter in combat as a member of the Jagdverband 44
squadron led by Adolf Galland. Steinhoff was decorated with the
Knight's Cross Of The Iron Cross With Oak Leaves And Swords during
World War II, and after the war, also received The Grand Cross Of
The Order Of Merit Of The Federal Republic Of Germany (West
Germany, modern Germany) and several foreign awards including the
American Legion of Merit and the French Legion of Honour. He
played a role in the so-called Fighter Pilots' Revolt late in the
war, when several senior air force officers confronted Hermann
Goring. Steinhoff joined the West German government's Rearmament
Office as a consultant on military aviation in 1952 and became one
of the principal officials tasked with rebuilding the German Air
Force through the Cold War. In retirement, Steinhoff became a
widely read author of books on German military aviation during the
Second World War and the experiences of the German people at that
time. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThis Day Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Old Time Radio Drama MP3 MegaSet DVD, Audio Download, USB Stick
Today, February 21, 2026
February 21: Card Reading Day: -- A
sentimental holiday on which people savor the greeting cards sent
to them over the years. There is nothing better than going through
aisles of greeting cards and selecting one that will best express
our feelings for another. These cards are special and we hold on
to them for sentimental reasons. In Ancient Egypt, greetings were
exchanged through inscriptions. This evolved by the 15th century
when engravings were carved on wood for occasions like Christmas
and New Year's Day. But it wasn't until the tradition of
Valentine's Day in the 1400s that greeting cards truly emerged.
When postage stamps were introduced in England in 1840,
Valentine's Day mail increased. In 1843, the first Christmas card
was designed by John Callcott Horsley. From the 1830s until the
Civil War, sentiment cards were most popular in the United States.
Greeting cards started getting commercially produced by the 1860s
and became widespread. Production of greeting cards decreased in
the 1890s, and Germany became the market leader until WW1. This is
when the United States became prominent once again in the greeting
card industry. Hallmark cards became especially famous globally
for their innovative production techniques and quality of cards.
Today, more people exchange greeting cards in the United States
than in any other country. Even though eCards and greetings
conveyed on social media have increased, tangible greeting cards
remain popular. Christmas cards are the most popular in the
seasonal cards category, whereas birthday cards are the most
popular everyday cards. Stationery companies and eCard companies
campaign and encourage everyone to send cards on Card Reading Day.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThis Day Commemorative Memorial Title: Legacy
With Michael Wood World History TV Series DVD, MP4, USB Stick
Today, February 21, 2026February 21: International Mother
Language Day: -- This movement began as a Bangla language movement
in East Pakistan, now the independent country of Bangladesh. It
was started to preserve the Bangla language that was widely spoken
by the people of Bangladesh. This day is equally important for us
to know that there are multiple languages in the world and we must
strive to preserve their heritage and existence. International
Mother Language Day has been an annual observance throughout the
world since 2000. It was first announced by UNESCO on November 17,
1999. Later in 2002, the United Nations General Assembly formally
recognized it with the adoption of the U.N. resolution 56/262. It
was an initiative in Bangladesh to celebrate International Mother
Language Day. February 21 also marks the anniversary when the
people of Bangladesh fought for recognition for the Bangla
language. The history of this dates back to 1947 when Pakistan was
created. It encompassed two geographically separate parts known as
East Pakistan and West Pakistan. These regions had strikingly
different cultures and languages. In 1948, Dhirendranath Datta
from East Pakistan demanded in the constituent Assembly of
Pakistan that Bangla be at least one of the national languages in
addition to Urdu. There were many protests held to make this
happen, however, the government of Pakistan outlawed public
meetings and rallies to quell these protests. Post this, the
students of the University of Dhaka, along with the general
public, organized massive rallies and meetings. The police even
opened fire on these rallies. Much later after Bangladesh came
into existence, Rafiqul Islam's proposal was introduced in the
Bangladesh parliament. A formal proposal was also made to UNESCO
by the Government of Bangladesh. On November 17, 1999, the 30th
General Assembly of UNESCO unanimously resolved that "February
21 be proclaimed International Mother Language Day throughout the
world to commemorate the martyrs who sacrificed their lives on
this very day in 1952." Bangladeshis celebrate this day by
visiting the Shaheed Minar, a monument built in memory of the
martyrs and its replicas to express their deep sorrow and pay
their respects.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThis Day Commemorative Memorial Title:
Pirates 12 Part Documentary Series MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, February 21, 2026February 21, 1862: #DOTD: Nathaniel
Gordon, American slave trader who was the only person in the
United States to be tried, convicted, and executed by the federal
government for having "engaged in the slave trade" under
the Piracy Law of 1820 (b. February 6, 1826) #dies by execution,
publicly hanged at Tombs Prison, New York City, New York, aged 36.
Gordon's last words, spoken to his executioner, were: "Make
short work of it now, Bill. I'm ready." He is buried at
Cypress Hills Cemetery, Brooklyn, New York. On November 9, 1861,
Gordon was found guilty of piracy by engaging in the slave trade.
The prosecution was led by Assistant United States District
Attorney George Pierce Andrews. Gordon received the death sentence
mandated under the law. After Gordon's conviction, his supporters
appealed to President Abraham Lincoln for a pardon. While Lincoln
was well known among his contemporaries for his compassion and for
issuing many pardons during his presidency, he refused to consider
one for Gordon, even going so far as to refuse to meet with
Gordon's supporters. Lincoln said at the time, "I believe I
am kindly enough in nature, and can be moved to pity and to pardon
the perpetrator of almost the worst crime that the mind of man can
conceive or the arm of man can execute; but any man, who, for
paltry gain and stimulated only by avarice, can rob Africa of her
children to sell into interminable bondage, I never will pardon."
On the question of a commutation, Lincoln wrote that "I think
I would personally prefer to let this man live in confinement and
let him meditate on his deeds, yet in the name of justice and the
majesty of law, there ought to be one case, at least one specific
instance, of a professional slave-trader, a Northern white man,
given the exact penalty of death because of the incalculable
number of deaths he and his kind inflicted upon black men amid the
horror of the sea-voyage from Africa." Lincoln did give him a
two-week stay of execution to "[make] the necessary
preparation for the awful change which awaits him", setting
the new execution date for February 21, 1862, on the grounds that
Gordon had been misled into thinking he would not be executed.
Early the morning before the execution, Gordon unsuccessfully
attempted suicide with strychnine poison. Three doctors worked
four hours to keep him alive by pumping his stomach, catheterizing
him, and force-feeding him brandy and whiskey. After regaining
consciousness, he cried out "I've cheated you! I've cheated
you!" Gordon then begged the doctors assist his suicide,
saying he would rather die alone than suffer the humiliation of
being publicly executed. He said he'd "suffered the agony of
a dozen deaths." He was sufficiently revived to be fit enough
for execution. Nathaniel Gordon was born in Portland, Maine. He
went into shipping and eventually owned his own ship. He had a
wife named Elizabeth and a two-year-old son named Nathaniel at the
time of his final voyage to Africa. When Gordon was 12, his father
was arrested for attempting to smuggle slaves into the United
States. The law stated that he should be deemed a pirate and given
a mandatory death sentence. However, there are no records of how
the case was resolved, albeit it is known that Gordon's father was
not executed. n 1848, Gordon's boat, Juliet, was searched by the
U.S. Navy for evidence of slave trading. After no evidence of
slave trading could be found, Gordon was released from their
custody. However, there were allegations that Gordon had indeed
gone to Africa, taken a cargo of slaves, and returned to Brazil,
where slavery was still legal at the time. In 1851, Gordon,
captaining the Camargo, went on another expedition from Brazil to
Africa. Gordon took on 500 Africans and set sail for Brazil. He
had to take numerous measures to avoid naval patrol ships. Gordon
was nevertheless chased by a British man-of-war. After arriving in
Brazil and dropping off the Africans, Gordon burned his ship to
destroy evidence. The Africans were seized and some of Gordon's
men were arrested and charged. Gordon himself escaped by dressing
into women's clothes. Shortly after the Camargo voyage, Gordon,
captaining Ottawa, made a slaving voyage to Cuba, where slavery
was also still legal, with a cargo of Africans. Only about 25
percent of the Africans survived, with Gordon later claiming that
a rival trader had poisoned them. After landing in Cuba, Gordon
burned his ship afterwards to destroy evidence. In late July 1860,
Gordon set sail for the west coast of Africa. On August 7, 1860,
he loaded 897 slaves aboard Erie at Sharks Point, Congo River,
West Africa. According to reports, Gordon was responsible for at
least 29 deaths. Those who died were thrown overboard. Erie was
captured by the USS Mohican 50 miles from a Cuban port on August
8, 1860. Commander Sylvanus William Godon had a prize crew take
command of Erie and ordered them to sail to Liberia, the American
colony established in West Africa by the American Colonization
Society for the settlement of free blacks from the United States,
and then return to New York. There, the ship would be auctioned
off, and Nathaniel Gordon, first mate William Warren, and second
mate David Hall would stand trial. Godon had four other of
Gordon's crewmen placed on the USS Marion: Thomas Nelson, Samuel
Sleeper, Thomas Savage, and John McCafferty. The ship sailed to
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, where they were put on trial. In
November 1860, the four were convicted of voluntarily serving on a
slave ship but acquitted of engaging in the slave trade. Each of
them was fined 1 USD and sentenced to about ten months in prison.
The United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York,
James I. Roosevelt, offered Gordon a 2K USD fine and two-year
sentence in exchange for information about his financial backers.
However, Gordon, confident that he wouldn't face any severe
consequences, rejected the deal, believing it was not lenient
enough. The case was repeatedly delayed due to the onset of the
Civil War. By the time of Gordon's trial, a new district attorney,
Edward Delafield Smith, had been appointed. Smith saw the Gordon
case as a chance to become prominent and an opportunity to set an
example for all future slave traders. He wanted Gordon executed.
Gordon's first trial in New York City in June 1861 ended in a
mistrial, with the jury voting 7-5 in favor of a conviction,
allegedly due to bribes. Smith immediately pushed for a retrial.
To counter potential tampering and bribes, the government had the
jury sequestered. Among the arguments used by Gordon's lawyers
during his second trial were technicalities that had successfully
been exploited in other trials; three arguments were dismissed by
the judge, while the fourth argument was contradicted by
witnesses' testimony.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThis Day Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Occult History Of The Third Reich DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, February 21, 2026February 21, 1919: The Aftermath Of World
War I: The Interwar Period (The Interbellum, Between The Wars):
The German Revolution Of 1918-19: -- #DOTD: #RIP: Kurt Eisner, the
German journalist who was the first republican premier of Bavaria
and proclaimer of the short-lived socialist state of the People's
State of Bavaria, #dies when he is assassinated, shot dead on a
Munich street by German nationalist nobleman Anton Arco-Valley.
His death results in the elected government of the People's State
of Bavaria fleeing Munich as a new govenment, the short-lived
unrecognised socialist state Bavarian Soviet Republic, is
established. Kurt Eisner (May 14, 1867 - February 21, 1919) was a
journalist and theatre critic. As a socialist journalist, he
organised the Socialist Revolution that overthrew the Wittelsbach
monarchy in Bavaria in November 1918, which led to his being
described as "the symbol of the Bavarian revolution". He
is used as an example of "charismatic authority", a
concept of leadership developed by the German sociologist Max
Weber, a type of organization or leadership in which authority
derives from the charisma of the leader, by Weber himeself. Anton
von Padua Alfred Emil Hubert Georg Graf von Arco auf Valley (5
February 1897 - 29 June 1945), commonly known as Anton
Arco-Valley, is believed to have decided to kill Eisner to prove
himself "worthy" after he had been rejected for
membership of the ultra-nationalist group and occult organization
the Thule Society because he was partly of Jewish descent. The
killing of Eisner made him a champion to many Bavarians. Students
at the University publicly proclaimed him a hero. His action
triggered bloody reprisals by communists and anarchists in Munich
in which a number of people were killed, including Prince Gustav
of Thurn and Taxis. Arco-Valley inspired the young Joseph
Goebbels, who was in Munich at the time. Arco-Valley was tried in
January 1920. He was sentenced to death, but a conservative judge
eventually reduced this to five years in prison. The State
Prosecutor said of him, "If the whole German youth were
imbued with such a glowing enthusiasm we could face the future
with confidence." He served his sentence at Landsberg Prison
in cell 7, and in 1923 he was evicted from his cell to make way
for Adolf Hitler. He was released in 1925, and was on probation
until 1927, when he was pardoned. Hitler later wrote "Eisner's
death only hastened developments and led finally to the Soviet
dictatorship, or to put it more correctly, to a passing rule of
Jews, as had been the original aim of the instigators of the whole
revolution". Arco-Valley played only a minor part in politics
thereafter. He supported a federalist vision of Germany, contrary
to the Nazi party's centralist policies. The People's State of
Bavaria (German: Volksstaat Bayern) was a short-lived socialist
state in Bavaria from 1918 to 1919. It was established on November
8, 1918 during the German Revolution, as an attempt at a socialist
state to replace the Kingdom of Bavaria within the Weimar
Republic. The state co-existed with the rival Bavarian Soviet
Republic from April 6, 1919, with its government under Johannes
Hoffmann exiled in Bamberg. The People's State of Bavaria was
dissolved upon the establishment of the Free State of Bavaria on
14 August 1919. The Bavarian or Munich Soviet Republic (German:
Raterepublik Baiern, Munchner Raterepublik) was a short-lived
unrecognised socialist state in Bavaria during the German
Revolution Of 1918-19. It took the form of a workers' council
republic. Its name is also rendered in English as the Bavarian
Council Republic; the German term Raterepublik means a republic of
councils or committees: council or committee is also the meaning
of the Russian word soviet. It was established in April 1919 after
the demise of Kurt Eisner's People's State of Bavaria and sought
to establish a socialist soviet republic in Bavaria. It was
overthrown less than a month later by elements of the German Army
and the paramilitary Freikorps. Its collapse helped the Nazi party
in its subsequent rise to power.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThis Day Commemorative Memorial Title: Lum
And Abner Old Time Radio Series MP3 Set DVD, Download, USB Stick
Today, February 21, 2026February 21, 1980: #DOTD: #RIP: Chester
Lauck, American comedian in radio and film best known for his
portrayal of Lum Edwards on the rural radio comedy series Lum and
Abner (b. February 9, 1902) #dies at the age 78, and was buried in
Hot Springs, Arkansas. Chet Lauck was born Chester Lauck in
Alleene, Arkansas. Raised in Mena, Arkansas, he graduated from
Mena High School in 1920. In Mena, Chet met his future comedy
partner Norris Goff. Though both began as blackface comics, they
soon found success on local station KTHS with a recurring
hillbilly skit, leading to a network series, recorded in Chicago,
Illinois, in 1931. In addition to starring as storekeeper Lum
(full name Columbus Edwards, with surname usually pronounced
"Eddards"), Lauck also played several other recurring
characters, including Cedric Weehunt, Grandpappy Spears, and Snake
Hogan. He reprised his radio role, opposite Goff, in seven motion
pictures between 1940 and 1956. Lauck adopted grey hair and a
moustache on-camera, to better match the picture most audiences
would have of his radio character. In his later years, Lauck
recorded new introductions for commercial cassette releases of the
series and for syndication. For a brief time during the 1950s he
bought and upgraded a ranch fifteen miles west of Las Vegas, later
bought by Howard Hughes. It was turned into Spring Mountain Ranch
State Park. On August 27, 1957, he appeared as a guest challenger
on To Tell the Truth. Chester Lauck is a member of the Arkansas
Entertainers Hall of Fame.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThis Day Commemorative Memorial Title: 33 1/3
Revolutions Per Monkee (1969) The Monkees DVD MP4 Download USB
Today, February 21, 2026February 21, 2019: #DOTD: #RIP: Peter
Tork, American musician and actor, best known as the bass
guitarist and keyboardist of The Monkees (b. February 13, 1942)
#dies of adenoid cystic carcinoma, a rare, slow-growing form of
head and neck cancer, at his home in Mansfield, Connecticut, aged
77. His remains were cremated, and his ashes were scattered at sea
(presumably the Atlantic Ocean off the coaset off Connecticut).
Peter Tork was born Peter Halsten Thorkelson at the former Doctors
Hospital in Washington, D.C.. Peter Tork grew up in Connecticut
and in the mid-1960s was part of the Greenwich Village folk scene,
and as an accomplished musician, befriended Stephen Stills. After
moving to Los Angeles with Stills, he was recruited for the
musical television sitcom The Monkees, and became a teenage idol
between 1966-68. Tork recorded his debut solo album Stranger
Things Have Happened in 1994, and later toured with his blues band
Shoe Suede Blues. #PeterTork #BassPlayers #Keyboardists #Actors
#TheMonkees #Monkees #PreFabFour #PreFab4 #GreenwichVillage
#TheVillage #StephenStills #Sitcoms #PopIcons #CulturalIcons
#RockStars #FolkMusic #Blues #RockMusic #PsychedelicRock
#ExperimentalRock #RockNRoll #RockAndRoll #PopMusic #MP4
#VideoDownload #DVD
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThis Day Commemorative Memorial Title: Music
Documentaries III Video Pioneers Tom Waits Turtles DVD, MP4, USB
Today, February 21, 2026February 21, 1949: #BOTD: #HBD! Jerry
Harrison, American singer, songwriter, keyboardist, guitarist,
record producer and entrepreneur who achieved fame as the
keyboardist and guitarist for the new wave band Talking Heads and
as an original member of The Modern Lovers, is #born Jeremiah
Griffin Harrison in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Harrison graduated from
Shorewood High School (Wisconsin). Harrison played with Jonathan
Richman in The Modern Lovers when he was an architecture student
at Harvard University. Harrison was introduced to Richman by
mutual friend and journalist Danny Fields and the pair bonded over
their shared love of the Velvet Underground. He joined The Modern
Lovers in early 1971, playing on their debut album in 1972 (not
released until 1976), and left in February 1974, when Richman
wished to perform his songs more quietly. Harrison joined Talking
Heads in 1977, after the release of their debut single "Love
? Building on Fire". Harrison was the oldest member of the
band. Harrison's solo albums include The Red and the Black, Casual
Gods, and Walk on Water. The single "Rev It Up" reached
a high-point of number seven on the US Mainstream Charts in 1987.
The song appeared in the 1992 movie The Prom, and an instrumental
version appeared in the 1986 movie Something Wild. After the 1991
breakup of Talking Heads, Harrison turned to producing and worked
on albums by bands including Hockey, Violent Femmes, The BoDeans,
The Von Bondies, General Public, Live, Crash Test Dummies, The
Verve Pipe, Rusted Root, Stroke 9, The Bogmen, Black 47, The
Mayfield Four, Of A Revolution, No Doubt, Josh Joplin Group, The
Black and White Years, Kenny Wayne Shepherd, Bamboo Shoots, the
String Cheese Incident and The Gracious Few. He was also Chairman
of the Board for Garageband.com, an internet music resource he
co-founded in 1999. Harrison, as a member of Talking Heads, is
featured throughout the 1984 concert film Stop Making Sense,
directed by Jonathan Demme. Also during the Talking Heads era,
Harrison made cameo appearances as Billy Idol, Kid Creole and
Prince look-alike lip-synchers in David Byrne's 1986 film True
Stories. Harrison also had a small part in the 2006 film The
Darwin Awards as "Guy in Bar No. 1" alongside John Doe
of the band X. In 2002, Harrison was inducted into the Rock and
Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Talking Heads.
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